〉〉〉[达达主义绘画]
20世纪初产生的西方现代主义绘画流派之一。代表人物有弗朗西斯、维隆.杜桑、马塞尔.袭乡、琼.米罗等。
达达主义绘画否定一切传统的审美观念，主张“废除绘画和所有的审美要求”，要创造一种“全新的艺术”，用一些怪诞抽象甚至是枯燥的符号组成画面。例如，弗朗西斯皮卡比亚的《查拉的肖像》画面上没有具体的造型形象，只是在一条垂直线上画五个圆圈，最下端是一些毫无意义的文字。维隆.杜桑根据“破坏就是创造”的宗旨，把一个便壶送给1917年的纽约的独立美展。1920年，他又在巴黎展出了“新作”：在达.芬奇的名画《蒙娜丽莎》的复制品上给蒙娜丽莎添上两撇胡须。达达主义绘画后期的一些画家，如库尔特.施威特尔等则用纸片、抹布、火柴盒、垃圾等粘贴在一起创作“作品”，明确体现了否定一切的艺术思潮，在一定程度上表现出西方社会中知识阶层对当时社会环境和秩序的否定。
达达主义绘画除了否定一切外，没有对绘画艺术提出任何建设性的主张，作品也没有美学价值。几年之后这一流派便告解体。一些重要画家如弗朗西斯.皮卡比亚等力图从否定一切中挖掘一些积极的东西予以挽救，从而转向了另一个西方现代主义文艺流派--超现实主义。
〉〉〉http://www.maslhhs.com/hh06.htm
Dada
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A western Europe artistic and literary movement (1916-23) that sought the discovery of authentic reality through the abolition of traditional culture and aesthetic forms.
Pour introduire l'idée de folie passagère en mal de scandale et de publicité d'un isme nouveau­ si banal, avec le manque de sérieux inné à ces sortes de manifestations, les journalistes nommèrent Dadaïsme ce que l'intensité d'un art nouveau leur rendit impossible compréhension et puissance de s'élever à l'abstraction, la magie d'une parole (DADA), les ayant mis, (par sa simplicité de ne rien signifier) devant la porte d'un monde présent, vraiment trop forte éruption pour leur habitude de se tirer facilement d'affaire.
-- Note au Manifeste DADA, 1918, in DADA, Réimpression..., p. 54.
Dada (French: "hobby-horse"), nihilistic movement in the arts that flourished primarily in Zürich, New York City, Berlin, Cologne, Paris, and Hannover, Ger. in the early 20th century. Several explanations have been given by various members of the movement as to how it received its name. According to the most widely accepted account, the name was adopted at Hugo Ball's Cabaret (Café) Voltaire, in Zürich, during one of the meetings held in 1916 by a group of young artists and war resisters that included Jean Arp, Richard Hülsenbeck, Tristan Tzara, Marcel Janco, and Emmy Hennings; when a paper knife inserted into a French-German dictionary pointed to the word dada, this word was seized upon by the group as appropriate for their anti-aesthetic creations and protest activities, which were engendered by disgust for bourgeois values and despair over World War I. A precursor of what was to be called the Dada movement, and ultimately its leading member, was Marcel Duchamp, who in 1913 created his first ready-made (now lost), the "Bicycle Wheel," consisting of a wheel mounted on the seat of a stool.
http://search.lycos.com.cn/static.php?url=http://www.oir.ucf.edu/wm/paint/glo/dada
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